English For Us ( Writing )

STRUCTURE OF PARAGRAPH

Topic Sentence

·        It is the first paragraph

·        It introduces the main idea of the paragraph

·        It indicates to the reader. What your paragraph will be about

Supporting Sentence (Mayor and Minor)

·        It comes after sentence

·        It makes up the body of paragraph

·        They give details, facts, and example

Closing Sentence

·        It is the last context of paragraph

·        It restates the main idea of the paragraph using different words

FREEWRITING

Technique 1 : freewriting

Freewriting means joining down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic.

Technique 2 : questioning

in questioning, you generate ideas and details by asking questions about your subject. Such question include why? When? Where? And how?

Technique 3 : making a list

In making a list, also known as brainstorming, you collect ideas and details that relate to your subject.

Technique 4 : clustering

Clustering, also known as diagramming or mapping, is another strategy that can be used to generate material for a paper. This method is helpful for people who like to do their thinking in a visual way. In clustering, you use lines, boxes, arrows, and circles to show relationships among the ideas and details that occur to you.

Technique 5 : preparing a scratch outline

A scratch outline is an excellent sequel to the first four prewriting techniques. A scratch outline often follows freewriting, questioning, list making, or diagramming.

DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

A descriptive paragraph describes a person, place, or thing.

What does the person look like? What does the person like to do? What is the person’s personality? You can also describe setting. For example you might ask the following questions: is it inside or outside? What color? What odors do u smell?

STRANGE STORIES

Language focus : using time expressions

One way to order two events is to use after, before, or when.

·        After allows the first event.

I played soccer after school.

After school, I played soccer.

·        Before shows the second event

I couldn’t play the guitar before I took lessons

Before I took lessons, I couldn’t  play the guitar

·        When shows that the first event happened just before the second event

I told him the news when he called.

Writing focus : narrative paragraph                                                 

·        Background information

·        Beginning of the story

·        Middle of the story

·        End of the story

Paragraph is :

1.     A distinct passage of writing which is unified by and idea or a topic

2.     A sequence of one or more words terminated by a paragraph

Basic paragraph structure

·        the topic sentence

·        supporting sentence

·        the concluding sentence

COHERENCE

First, second.

                      

ARGUMENTATIVE PARAGRAPH

Strategies for argumentation

·         Use factful/courtrous language

·         Point out common language

·         When appropriate, grant the merits

·         Acknowledgement daggering view points

Example : WHITE LIES

PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT

v  PROCESS : sequence expressions are used to connect the statements of explanation and serve as bridges between steps in the procedure.

Ex : making a telephone call

v  PROCEDURE : is often used to give direction.

Ex : how to make chocolate fudge

v  INSTRUCTION : is giving the clue of the way to find place that you look for

Ex : how to go from the white house to the Lincoln memorial

UNITY

Unity is a very important characteristic of good paragraph writing. If your paragraph contains a sentence or some sentences that are not related to the main topic, then we say that the paragraph “HACKS UNITY” or that the sentence is “OFF TOPIC”.

COMPARISON

Another way of organizing a comparison is not according to supporting details that are similar, but according to subtopic.

Ex : compare about my hometown and my college town.

Comparison can be written by two ways ;

SUBTOPIC	SIMILAR POINT
v  DETAILS ABOUT GRIDLOCK resident area campus	v  Resident GRIDLOCK SUBNORMAL
v  DETAILS ABOUT SUBNORMAL Resident Area campus	v  Area GRIDLOCK SUBNORMAL
	v  Campus GRIDLOCK SUBNORMAL

CAUSE EFFECT

As a result, consequently, and therefore are all used to connect two ideas. They all have a similar meaning. They show that the second sentence was the effect, or result, of the first one. They can be used at the beginning of the second sentence or they can join the two sentences with the word and before them.

CLASSIFICATION

sugar

People try to organize the world around them. One of the ways they do this is by looking for relationship among objects or ideas, and classifying them into groups according to their similarities and differences.

caster

cube

demerara

barbados

white

Raw cane

honey

glucose

natural

processed

 

USING GRAMMAR IN WRITING

there are	Y	types	of Y	: A, B and C.
		kinds		. These are A, B and C.
the		classes		are A, B and C.
		categories

X	Consists of	Y	types	: A, B and C.
	can be divided into		kinds	. These are A, B and C.
			classes	are A, B and C.
			categories

A, B and C are	types	of X
	kinds
	classes
	categories

DEFINITON ( FORMAL AND NAMING )

When we write we have to take into account the fact that our reader may not always understand the meaning or the more specialized words and expressions we wish to use.

FORMAL FORM

concept	is a	form of	classes	which	special features
		species of

A dentist

is a

person

who takes care of people's teeth

NAMING FORM

class	which	special features	called	concept
	who		known as

a person

who

studies living organisms

is called

a biologist

OUTLINE